How does a grinding machine work?

The grinding machine is equipped with a stepless speed control system, allowing for easy adjustment of grinding speeds suitable for various components. It employs an electro-pneumatic proportional valve with closed-loop feedback.

        Pressure control enables independent regulation of the pressure device. The upper plate is fitted with a slow-descent function to effectively prevent breakage of thin, brittle workpieces. Through a time relay and a grinding counter, grinding time and grinding cycles can be accurately set and controlled according to processing requirements. During operation, the pressure mode can be adjusted. When the grinding reaches the set time or speed, the machine automatically stops and issues an alarm, achieving semi-automated operation.

        The grinding machine's speed control method involves three stages of grinding: the initial stage, the main stage, and the final stage. In the initial stage, the grinding tool accelerates and rotates; in the main stage, it rotates at a constant speed; and in the final stage, it decelerates and rotates. The characteristic of this method is that, during the initial stage of grinding, the acceleration of the grinding tool's rotational speed is manually controlled to increase from zero to a maximum at a gradual rate. When the rotational speed reaches half of the formal grinding speed, the acceleration changes at a turning point, and the acceleration of the grinding tool's rotational speed decreases from the maximum value at a gradual rate until the rotational speed reaches the formal grinding speed, at which point the acceleration of the rotational speed becomes zero.

        Utilizing this characteristic of grinding with fixed abrasives, the density distribution of abrasives on the grinding tool is reasonably designed based on the density distribution of the relative motion trajectory between the workpiece and the grinding tool. This ensures that the wear of the grinding tool during the grinding process does not affect the surface profile accuracy of the grinding tool, thereby significantly improving the surface profile accuracy of the workpiece and avoiding the hassle of dressing the grinding tool. In planar grinding with fixed abrasives, the rotational motion of the grinding tool is the primary motion, while the motion of the workpiece is the auxiliary motion. In most cases, the workpiece is floated on the grinding tool, and its motion patterns are unknown. Therefore, it is necessary to analyze the forces acting on the workpiece to determine its force state and motion patterns. By treating the workpiece as a separate component of the entire grinding system, a differential equation for the workpiece's force balance is established. Solving this equation yields the workpiece's motion patterns.

        The grinding machine's main unit is driven by a variable-speed motor, equipped with a high-power reduction system, featuring soft start and soft stop for smooth operation. During processing, the upper and lower grinding discs, sun gear, and planetary gears form four directions of grinding motion with coordinated speeds, achieving efficient simultaneous grinding of both surfaces. The lower grinding disc is adjustable in height, facilitating workpiece loading and unloading. The pneumatic sun gear directional control device precisely regulates the grinding accuracy and speed of both sides of the workpiece. A correction wheel is included as standard equipment to correct parallelism errors between the upper and lower grinding discs.

        The grinding basket-type grinding machine inherits the characteristic of the basket-type grinding machine, which integrates the two processes of dispersion and grinding into one machine and one process. It can also be used as a disperser independently (when the dispersion disc is in the working position and the grinding basket has not descended). For materials requiring grinding, it can also achieve the function of dispersion followed by grinding (when the grinding basket descends to the working position, it can perform high-efficiency precision grinding on the material).